Global coffee prices have shown significant volatility in recent years, yet higher market prices do not always translate into better income for producers. According to the International Coffee Organization (ICO), the composite indicator price averaged around 160 US cents per pound in 2024, with peaks well above that level during periods of tight supply. However, studies from the International Trade Centre indicate that farmers typically receive less than 10 percent of the fin

In the specialty coffee world, cup quality often begins with what happens before roasting: physical sorting of green coffee. Defects such as black beans, sour beans, broken fragments, and insect damage can significantly affect both flavor and consistency in the cup. According to the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) Green Coffee Standards, a coffee classified as specialty grade must contain zero primary defects and no more than five secondary defects in a 350 gram sample. Th

Global coffee consumption continues to grow steadily, creating new opportunities and challenges across the coffee supply chain. According to the International Coffee Organization (ICO), worldwide coffee consumption reached approximately 177 million 60 kg bags in the 2023–2024 coffee year, reflecting a long term annual growth rate of about 2 percent per year. Emerging markets in Asia and the Middle East are playing an increasingly important role in this expansion. Countries su

Across several major coffee producing regions, yields per hectare are showing signs of stagnation or decline, raising concerns for future supply. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), global coffee production averages roughly 0.7 to 1.0 metric tons of green coffee per hectare, but productivity varies widely depending on farm management, climate conditions, and tree age. In many producing countries, a large share of coffee trees are more than 20 years old,